Law Review Articles / Treatises / Other Writings

  1. Laura Abel, Designing Access: Using Institutional Design to Improve Decision Making About the Distribution of Free Civil Legal Aid, 7 Harv. L. & Pol'y Rev. 61 (Winter 2013), available at http://hlpronline.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Designing-Access.pdf.

  2. Laura Abel, Turner v. Rogers and the Right of Meaningful Access to the Courts, 89 Denv. U. L. Rev. 805 (2012), available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2000960.

  3. Laura Abel, Toward a Right to Counsel in Civil Cases in New York State: A Report of the New York State Bar Association, 25 Touro L. Rev. 31 (2009).

  4. Laura K. Abel, Keeping Families Together, Saving Money, and Other Motivations Behind New Civil Right to Counsel Laws, 42 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 1087 (2009), available at http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2676&context=llr.

  5. Laura Abel and Judge Lora Livingston, The Existing Civil Right to Counsel Infrastructure, 47 No. 4 Judges' J. 24 (2008), available at http://brennan.3cdn.net/070f13df803e4174cd_jrm6bhgvp.pdf.

  6. Laura Abel and Max Rettig, State Statutes Providing for a Right to Counsel in Civil Cases, 40 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Poverty L. and Pol'y 245 (2006), available at http://brennan.3cdn.net/2f2ca53878e9299012_67m6ib9tv.pdf.

  7. Kathryn Alfisi, Access to Justice: Helping Litigants Help Themselves, D.C. Bar (January 2010), available at https://www.dcbar.org/bar-resources/publications/washington-lawyer/articles/january-2010-access-justice.cfm.

  8. Tresa Baldas, Civil Right to Counsel Urged, The National Law Journal (Sept. 15, 2008), available at http://www.law.com/jsp/nlj/PubArticleNLJ.jsp?id=1202424493913.

  9. Tresa Baldas, Suits, Legislation Over a Civil Right to Counsel Grow Across U.S., The National Law Journal (Sept. 19 2008), available at http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202424627051.

  10. James A. Bamberger, Confirming the Constitutional Right of Meaningful Access to the Courts in Non-Criminal Cases in Washington State, 4 Seattle J. for Soc. Just. 383 (2005).

  11. William M. Beany, The Right to Counsel in American Courts, Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press (1955), available with free jstor account at http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3310017?uid=3739520&uid=2134&uid=379128931&uid=2&uid=70&uid=3&uid=379128921&uid=3739256&uid=60&sid=21103495212211.

  12. Simran Bindra and Pedram Ben-Cohen, Public Civil Defenders: A Right to Counsel for Indigent Civil Defendants, 10 Geo. J. on Poverty L. & Pol'y 1 (2003), available at http://www.taxexpertise.com/files/georgetown.pdf.

  13. George Biram, The Indigent's Right to Counsel in Civil Actions, 76 Yale L.J. 545 (1967), preview only available at http://www.jstor.org/pss/794970.

  14. Anna Blackburne-Rigsby, Ensuring Access to Justice for All: Addressing the "Justice Gap" Through Renewed Emphasis on Attorney Professionalism and Ethical Obligations in the Classroom and Beyond, 27 Geo. J. Legal Ethics 1187 (Fall 2014), available at http://static.squarespace.com/static/54256658e4b0b6739e3d79f4/t/5436996ee4b00a9987e68fd6/1412864366440/Judge+Blackburne-Rigsby+GJLE+Article+-+Ensuring+Access+to+Justice+for+All.pdf.

  15. Gary Blasi, Framing Access to Justice: Beyond Perceived Justice for Individuals, 42 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 913 (2009), available at http://llr.lls.edu/docs/42-4blasi.pdf.

  16. Bruce Boyer, Justice, Access to the Court, and the Right to Free Counsel for Indigent Parents: The Continuing Scourge of Lassiter v. Department of Social Services of Durham, 36 Loy. U. Chi. L.J. 363 (2005), available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1029676.

  17. Donald Brenner, The Right of Access to Civil Courts under State Constitutional Law: An Impediment to Modern Reforms, or a Receptacle of Important Substantive and Procedural Rights? 13 Rutgers L.J. 399 (1982).

  18. Raymond Brescia, Safe at Home: Considering a Right to Counsel in Civil Cases as a State ConstitutionalMatter, Making a Modern Constitution: The Prospects for

    Constitutional Reform in New York, Chapter 12 (2016), available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2856079. 

  19. Lester Brickman, Of Arterial Passageways Through the Legal Process: The Right of Universal Access to Courts and Lawyering Services, 48 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 595 (1973).

  20. Tonya Brito, The Right to Civil Counsel, Daedalus (Winter 2019), available at https://www.amacad.org/sites/default/files/publication/downloads/19_Winter_Daedalus_Brito.pdf.

  21. Tonya Brito, The Right to Civil Counsel, Daedelus (Winter 2018), available at https://www.amacad.org/sites/default/files/publication/downloads/19_Winter_Daedalus_Brito.pdf.

  22. Tonya Brito, What We Know and Need to Know About Civil Gideon, 67 S.C. Law Rev. 222 (2016), available at https://perma.cc/R7JG-NBQC.

  23. Lisa E. Brodoff, Introduction: Civil Legal Representation, 9 Seattle J. for Soc. Just. 139 (2010), available at http://www.law.seattleu.edu/Documents/sjsj/2010fall/Brodoff.pdf.

  24. Jim Brosnahan, Civil Gideon: If Not Now, When?, The Recorder (Apr. 22, 2008), available at http://www.law.com/jsp/ca/PubArticleCA.jsp?id=900005509030&slreturn=1&hbxlogin=1.

  25. Mark C. Brown, Establishing Rights Without Remedies? Achieving an Effective Civil Gideon by Avoiding a Civil Strickland, 159 U. Pa. L. Rev. 893 (2011), available at https://www.law.upenn.edu/journals/lawreview/articles/volume159/issue3/Brown159U.Pa.L.Rev.893(2011).pdf.

  26. Thomas M. Burke, A Civil Gideon? Let the Debate Begin, Journal of the Missouri Bar (Jan. – Feb. 2009), available at http://www.mobar.org/uploadedFiles/Home/Publications/Journal/2009/feb%2009.pdf.

  27. Cathy Carr, Right to Counsel and Legal Services: From Fear and Loathing to Love and Support, 26 MIE Journal 37 (2012).

  28. Brenda Carroll, Legal Aid Update: Should "Civil Gideon" be a Human Right? 22 DCBA Brief 41 (Feb. 2010).

  29. Michael J. Carroll and Louis S. Rulli, Filling Gideon's Empty Chair, The Philadelphia Lawyer (Winter 2011), available at http://www.philadelphiabar.org/page/CivilGideon.

  30. Rich Cassidy, Professor Laurence H Tribe Discusses Access to Justice at the ABA Annual Meeting, On Lawyering (Aug. 10, 2010), available at http://onlawyering.com/2010/08/professor-laurence-h-tribe-discusses-access-to-justice-at-the-aba-annual-meeting/.

  31. Robert Catz and Nancy Lee Firak, The Right to Appointed Counsel in Quasi-Criminal Cases: Towards an Effective Assistance of Counsel Standard, 19 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 397 (1984).

  32. Charlotte School of Law, Access to Justice Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Civil Right to Counsel Symposium) (Fall 2013).

  33. Jeanne Charn, Foreword, 7 Harv. L. & Pol'y Rev. 1 (Winter 2013), available at http://www3.law.harvard.edu/journals/hlpr/files/2013/06/Foreword.pdf.

  34. Erwin Chemerinsky, Lessons from Gideon, 122 Yale L.J. 2678 (June 2013), available at http://www.yalelawjournal.org/images/pdfs/1201.pdf.

  35. Andrew Cohen, Foreword, 61 Drake L. Rev. 589 (2013), available at http://students.law.drake.edu/lawReview/docs/lrVol61-3-cohen.pdf.

  36. Brooke D. Coleman, Lassiter v. Department of Social Services: Why Is It Such a Lousy Case? 12 Nev. L.J. 591 (2012), available at http://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034&context=faculty.

  37. Casey Coleman and Stewart Rosenblum, A First Amendment Right of Access to the Courts for Indigents, 82 Yale L.J. 1055 (1973).

  38. Talbot "Sandy" D'Alemberte, Tributaries of Justice: The Search for Full Access, 25 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. 631 (1998),  available at http://www.law.fsu.edu/journals/lawreview/downloads/253/dalember.pdf.

  39. Robert J. Derocher, Access to Justice: Is Civil Gideon a Piece of the Puzzle?, ABA Bar Leader at 11 (July/August 2008) available at http://www.nlada.org/DMS/Documents/1216842378.28/Civil%20Gideon%20Bar%20Leader%20article-%20July%202008.pdf.

  40. William Dick, The Right to Appointed Counsel for Indigent Civil Litigants: The Demands of Due Process, 30 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 627 (1989), available at http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol30/iss3/5/.

  41. Justice Jess Dickinson, A Look At Civil Gideon: Is There a Constitutional Right to Counsel in Certain Civil Cases?, 37 Univ. Ark. L. Rev. 543 (2015), available at http://lawrepository.ualr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1964&context=lawreview.

  42. John Dombrink, The Equal Protection Analysis: Access to the Civil Courts For Those Of Low and Moderate Means, 99 S. Cal. L. Rev. 2217 (1993).

  43. Honorable David J. Dreyer, Deja Vu All Over Again: Turner v. Rogers and the Civil Right to Counsel, 61 Drake L. Rev. 639, 651 (2013), available at https://lawreviewdrake.files.wordpress.com/2015/06/irvol61-3_dreyer.pdf.

  44. Ben Duniway, The Poor Man in the Federal Courts, 18 Stan. L. Rev. 1271, 1272-73 (1966), available with free jstor account at http://www.jstor.org/pss/1227170.

  45. John Ebbott, To Gideon via Griffin: The Experience in Wisconsin, 40 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Poverty L. and Pol'y 223 (2006).

  46. Editorial, In Their Own Words: Civil Gideon: Becoming a Reality?, HarvardCRCL.org (Sept. 12, 2011).

  47. Amaris Elliott-Engel, Phila. Efforts for 'Civil Gideon' Focused on Pilot Projects, The Legal Intelligencer (Jul. 7, 2010) at 3, available at http://www.law.com/jsp/pa/PubArticlePA.jsp?id=1202463311717&slreturn=1&hbxlogin=1.

  48. Russell Engler, Access to Justice, Civil Right to Counsel, and the Role of the Judge, Court Review, Vol. 56 Issue 1 (2020), available at http://aja.ncsc.dni.us/publications/courtrv/cr56-1/CR56-1Engler.pdf.  

  49. Russell Engler, Pursuing Access to Justice and Civil Right to Counsel in a Time of Economic Crisis, 15 Roger Williams U. L. Rev. 472 (2010).

  50. Russell Engler, Reflections on a Civil Right to Counsel and Drawing Lines: When Does Access to Justice Mean Full Representation by Counsel, and When Might Less Assistance Suffice?, 9 Seattle J. for Soc. Just. 97 (Fall/Winter 2010), available at http://www.law.seattleu.edu/Documents/sjsj/2010fall/Engler.pdf.

  51. Russell Engler, Shaping a Context-Based Civil Gideon from the Dynamics of Social Change, 15 Temp. Pol. & Civ. Rts. L. Rev. 697 (2006), available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=972304.

  52. Russell Engler, Toward a Context-Based Civil Right to Counsel Through Access to Justice Initiatives, 40 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Poverty L. and Pol'y 196-209 (2006).

  53. Russell Engler, Turner v. Rogers and the Essential Role of the Courts In Delivering Access to Justice, 7 Harv. L & Pol'y Rev. 31 (Winter 2013), available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2212404.

  54. Russell Engler, The Twin Imperatives of Providing Access to Justice and a Civil Gideon, 93 Mass. L. Rev. 214 (2010), available at http://www.massbar.org/media/857845/mba_lawreviewtext.pdf.

  55. Steven Eppler-Epstein, Passion, Caution, and Evolution: The Legal Aid Movement and Empirical Studies of Legal Assistance, 216 Harv. L. Rev. F. 102 (2013), available at http://harvardlawreview.org/2013/02/passion-caution-and-evolution-the-legal-aid-movement-and-empirical-studies-of-legal-assistance/.

  56. Steven Eppler-Epstein, The Fight for Legal Aid Funding and Right to Counsel Advocacy: An Incremental Approach and an Overarching Message, 26 MIE Journal 41 (2012).

  57. Jeannie Rose Field, Why is South Dakota 'Wise & Enlightened'?, Law for the People Blog (Oct 25, 2011), available at http://lawforthepeople.tumblr.com/post/11910713241/why-is-south-dakota-wise-enlightened.

  58. William B. Fisch, Coercive Appointments of Counsel in Civil Cases in Forma Pauperis: An Easy Case Makes Hard Law, 50 Mo. L. Rev. 527 (1985), available at http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2817&context=mlr.

  59. Colene Flynn, In Search on Greater Procedural Justice: Rethinking Lassiter v. Department of Social Services, 11 Wis. Women's L.J. 327 (1996).

  60. Michael Fox, A Defined Right to Counsel: An Idea Whose Time Has Come? Connecticut Lawyer 14 (2006).

  61. Rudolph Garcia, Equal Justice for All is Goal with Bar's Support of Civil Gideon, Philadelphia Bar Reporter (May 2011), available at http://www.philadelphiabar.org/WebObjects/PBAReadOnly.woa/Contents/WebServerResources/CMSResources/Chancellor_Column_May_2011.pdf.

  62. Debra Gardner, Justice Delayed is, Once Again, Justice Denied: The Overdue Right to Counsel in Civil Cases, 37 Baltimore L. Rev. 59 (2007).

  63. Debra Gardner, Pursuing a Right to Counsel in Civil Cases: Introduction and Overview, 40 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Poverty L. and Pol'y 167 (2006).

  64. Debra Gardner and Ward B. Coe, III, A Right to Counsel in Critical Civil Cases and the Role of the Private Bar, 47-Aug Md. B.J. 12 (July/August 2014), available at http://www.publicjustice.org/uploads/file/news/MBJ_July14_final_%20coe_gardner.pdf.

  65. Debra Gardner and John Pollock, Civil Right to Counsel's Relationship to Antipoverty Advocacy: Further Reflections, 45 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Poverty L. and Pol'y 150 (July-Aug. 2011) (in response to Gary Smith, Poverty Warriors: A Historical Perspective, 5 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Poverty L. and Pol'y 34 (May-June 2011).

  66. Michael Greco, About This Issue, 40 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Poverty L. and Pol'y (July-Aug. 2006).

  67. Michael S. Greco, Court Access Should Not Be Rationed: Defined Right to Counsel in Civil Cases Is an Issue Whose Time Has Come, ABA Journal at 6 (Dec. 2005) available at http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/court_access_should_not_be_rationed/.

  68. Michael S. Greco, Uncivil Justice, Equal Justice Magazine (Winter 2005).

  69. John Gross, The True Benefits of Counsel: Why "Do-It-Yourself" Lawyering Does Not Protect the Rights of the Indigent, 43 N.M. L. Rev. 1 (Spring 2013), available at http://lawschool.unm.edu/nmlr/volumes/43/1/NMX102.pdf.

  70. Katelyn Gross, Essay: Civil Gideon - A Vision of Justice (Nov. 21, 2014), available at http://minnlawyer.com/2014/11/21/essay-civil-gideon-a-vision-of-justice/.

  71. George Hausen, The Right to Counsel in Hard Times: Practical Civil Gideon, Legal Aid of North Carolina: Trial Briefs (April 2013), available at http://www.legalaidnc.org/Public/the-right-to-counsel-in-hard-times-practical-civil-gideon-by-george-hausen.pdf.

  72. Nan Heald, Miles to Justice: Many Traveled, Many More to Go, Maine Bar Journal (Fall 2009) at 216, available at http://www.mainebar.org/images/temppdf/MBJfall09.pdf.

  73. Wade Henderson, Keynote Address: The Evolution and Importance of Creating a Civil Right to Counsel, 25 Touro L. Rev. 71 (2009), available at http://www.tourolaw.edu/LawReview/?pageid=441.

  74. Maurice Hew, Jr., Expanding the Civil Privilege of Being Represented by Counsel Through the Presumed Prejudice Doctrine, 17 U.D.C. L.R. 46 (Spring 2014), available at http://www.udclawreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/udc319412v17n1_text.pdf#page=52.

  75. Ilze Hirsh and Marcia Henry, About This Issue [describing right to counsel articles in May-June 2013 issue of Clearinghouse Review], 47 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Poverty L. and Pol'y 2 (May-June 2013).

  76. Christopher Hofstadter, Essay: Civil Gideon: Fulfilling Minnesota's Promise of Equal Justice (Nov. 26, 2014), available at http://minnlawyer.com/2014/11/26/essay-civil-gideon-fulfilling-minnesotas-promise-of-equal-justice/.

  77. Robert Hornstein, The Right to Counsel in Civil Cases Revisited: The Proper Influence of Poverty and the Case for Reversing Lassiter v. Department of Social Services, 59 Cath. U. L. Rev. 1057 (2010).

  78. Alan W. Houseman, The Future of Civil Legal Aid: Initial Thoughts, 13 U. Pa. J. L. & Soc. Change 265 (2010), available at http://www.jlasc.org/attachments/category/39/13_3.pdf.

  79. Jane Jackson, Lassiter v. Department of Social Services: The Due Process Right to Appointed Counsel Left Hanging Uneasily in the Mathews v. Eldridge Balance, 8 N. Ky. L. Rev. 513 (1981).

  80. Lindsey Cecellia Jackson, Stuart Downey, and Bryant Lin, Access to Justice for All: A Comprehensive Look at the Civil Right to Counsel Across the United States, Clearinghouse Review (July 2017), available at http://povertylaw.org/clearinghouse/article/access.

  81. Tarik Jallad, A Civil Right to Counsel: International and National Trends (August 2009) (Working Research Paper, UNC Center on Poverty, Work and Opportunity), available at http://www.law.unc.edu/documents/poverty/projects/accesstojustice_jallad.pdf.

  82. Brian Jeffrey, President's Column, The Proclamation, First Judicial District Bar Association (Feb. 2011).

  83. Denise Johnson, Bridging the Gap, Appellate Judges News 11 (2006), available at http://www.nlada.org/DMS/Documents/1153943359.86/Denise%20Johnson%20Column-1.pdf.

  84. Earl Johnson Jr., 50 Years of Gideon, 47 Years Working Toward a 'Civil Gideon', 47 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Poverty L. and Pol'y 35 (May-June 2013).

  85. Earl Johnson, Jr., Thrown to the Lions: A Plea For A Constitutional Right To Counsel For Low-Income Civil Litigants, Bar Leader Magazine (Sept.-Oct. 1976).

  86. Earl Johnson Jr. & Elizabeth Schwartz, Beyond Payne: The Case for a Legally Enforceable Right to Representation in Civil Cases for Indigent California Litigants, 11 Loyola of Los Angeles L. Rev. 249 (1978).

  87. Mark Juhas, On the Anniversary of Gideon, An Argument for Free Civil Representation, Los Angeles Lawyer at 44 (Sept. 2013), available at http://www.lacba.org/Files/LAL/Vol36No6/3078.pdf.

  88. Justice Talking Radio Transcript, Are Lawyers Necessary in All Cases? (Apr. 4, 2006), available at http://www.justicetalking.org/ShowPage.aspx?ShowID=541.

  89. Dennis Kaufman, The Tipping Point on the Scales of Civil Justice, 25 Touro L. Rev. 347 (2009), available at http://www.tourolaw.edu/LawReview/?pageid=441.

  90. Jonathan David Kelley, Gideon's Bullhorn: Sounding a Louder, Clearer Call for a Civil Right to Counsel (working paper) (Nov. 20, 2012), available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2178813.

  91. Stan Keillor, James H. Cohen, and Mercy Changwesha, The Inevitable, if Untrumpeted, March Toward "Civil Gideon", 64 Syracuse L. Rev. 469 (2014).

  92. Thomas Knox, Comment: Current Prospects for an Indigent's Right to Appointed Counsel and a Free Transcript in Civil Litigation, 7 Pacific L. J. 149 (1976).

  93. Carolyn Lamm, Finding New Ways to Help: Dire Financial Conditions Make the Need for Pro Bono Services Even More Acute, ABA Journal (October 2009), available at http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/finding_new_ways_to_help/.

  94. Kevin Lapp, A Child Litigant's Right to Counsel, 52 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 463 (2019),available at https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol52/iss4/4/.

  95. Lawyer2Lawyer, The Impact of Civil Gideon (Nov. 12, 2009), available at http://legaltalknetwork.com/podcasts/lawyer-2-lawyer/2009/11/the-impact-of-civil-gideon/.

  96. Bernice Leber, The Time for Civil Gideon is Now, 25 Touro L. Rev. 23 (2009), available at http://www.tourolaw.edu/LawReview/uploads/pdfs/_4_WWW_Leber_CivilGideon_SM_Final_12.23.08_.pdf.

  97. Honorable Jon Levy, The World is Round: Why We Must Assure Equal Access to Civil Justice, 62 Me. L. Rev. 561 (2010).

  98. Judge Jonathan Lippman, Essay: Shifting the Landscape on Access to Justice, 38 Cardozo L. Rev. 1159 (Feb. 2017).

  99. Alex Long, Essay: The Rights of Tenants Present a Case for Civil Gideon (Dec. 4, 2014), available at http://minnlawyer.com/2014/12/04/essay-the-rights-of-tenants-present-a-case-for-civil-gideon/.

  100. Guy Loranger, Could There Be a Right to Counsel in Civil Cases?, Lawyers Weekly (Nov. 9, 2009), available at http://www.probono.net/nc/news/article.285851-Could_there_be_a_right_to_counsel_in_civil_cases.

  101. Lauren Sudeall Lucas, Issue Brief: Deconstructing the Right to Counsel, American Constitution Society (July 2014), available at https://www.acslaw.org/sites/default/files/Lucas_-_Deconstructing_the_Right_to_Counsel.pdf.

  102. Jeffrey Mandell, The Emerging Right of Legal Assistance for the Indigent in Civil Proceedings, 9 U. of Mich. J. of L. Ref. 554 (1976).

  103. Paul Marvy, Working for a Sort-of Gideon, on the Civil Side, De Novo, at 4 (Mar. 2006).

  104. Paul Marvy, Thinking about a Civil Right to Counsel Since 1923, 40 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Poverty L. and Pol'y 170 (2006).

  105. Paul Marvy, "To Promote Jurisprudential Understanding of the Law": The Civil Right to Counsel in Washington State, 40 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Law & Pol'y 180 (July-Aug. 2006).

  106. Paul Marvy, Advocacy for a Civil Right to Counsel: An Update, 41 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Poverty L. and Pol'y 644 (2008), available at http://civilrighttocounsel.org/uploaded_files/68/Advocacy_on_CRTC_-_An_Update__Marvy_.pdf.

  107. Paul Marvy & Laura Klein Abel, Current Developments in Advocacy to Expand the Civil Right to Counsel, 25 Touro L. Rev. 132 (2009), available at http://www.brennancenter.org/page/-/Justice/Abel%20Current%20Developments%20in%20Civil.pdf.

  108. Paul Marvy and Debra Gardner, A Civil Right to Counsel for the Poor, 32 ABA Human Rights 8-9 (2005).

  109. Mel Masuda, Right to Counsel Discussed at the Access to Justice Conference, 18-OCT Haw. B.J. 34 (OCt. 2014).

  110. Mary Helen McNeal, Civil Right to Counsel: The Continuing Evolution of a Movement, 64 Syracuse L. Rev. 357 (2014).

  111. Mary Helen McNeal, Toward a "Civil Gideon" Under the Montana Constitution: Parental Rights as the Starting Point, 66 Mont. L. Rev. 81 (2005).

  112. Massachusetts Bar Association, House of Delegates Unanimously Supports Principle of Civil Gideon, Lawyers e-Journal (May 23, 2007) http://www.massbar.org/publications/e-journal/2007/may/523/hod.

  113. Tony Mauro, Tribe to Judges: Take Action on Poverty Issues, The Nat'l L. J. (Aug. 3, 2010), available at http://www.law.com/jsp/nlj/PubArticleNLJ.jsp?id=1202464225850&Tribe_to_judges_take_action_on_poverty_issues&slreturn=1&hbxlogin=1.

  114. Michael Millemann, et al., Rethinking the Full-Service Legal Representation Model: A Maryland Experiment, 30 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Poverty L. and Pol'y 1178 (1997).

  115. Michael A. Millemann, Setting an Agenda for the Future Delivery of Legal Services to the Poor in Maryland, 7 U. of Md. L. J. of Race, Religion, Gender and Class 215 (2007), available at http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1128&context=rrgc.

  116. Michael Millemann, The State Due Process Justification for a Right to Counsel in Some Civil Cases, 15 Temp. Pol. & Civ. Rts. L. Rev. 733 (2006), available at http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/fac_pubs/309/.

  117. Larry Miller, The Right to Counsel: State Courts on the Front Line, 1984 Ann. Surv. of Am. L. 179 (1985).

  118. Catherine Miller-Wilson, Harmonizing Current Threats: Using the Outcry for Legal Education Reforms To Take Another Look at Civil Gideon and What It Means to be an American Lawyer, 13 U. Md. L.J. Race, Religion, Gender & Class 49 (Spring 2013).

  119. Vesselin Mitev, State Bar Conference Promotes Right to Counsel in Civil Cases, New York Law Journal (Mar. 11, 2008), available at http://www.law.com/jsp/nylj/PubArticleNY.jsp?id=1205146041990&slreturn=1&hbxlogin=1.

  120. John Nethercut, Maryland's Strategy for Securing a Right to Counsel in Civil Cases: Frase v. Barnhart and Beyond, 40 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Poverty L. and Pol'y 238 (2006).

  121. John Nethercut, This Issue Will Not Go Away: Continuing to Seek the Right to Counsel in Civil Cases, 38 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Poverty L. and Pol'y 481 (2004).

  122. Gene R. Nichol, Access to Civil Justice in North Carolina, The NC State Bar Journal at 12 (Winter 2009), available at http://www.ncbar.com/journal/archive/journal_14,4.pdf.

  123. Gene Nichol, Jr., Judicial Abdication and Equal Access to the Civil Justice System, 60 Case W. Res. L. Rev. 325 (2010), available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1551586.

  124. Note, The Indigent's Right to Counsel in Civil Cases, 76 Yale L. J. 545 (1967), preview only available at http://www.jstor.org/pss/794970.

  125. Note, Indigents' Right to Appointed Counsel in Civil Litigation, 66 Geo. L.J. 113 (1977).

  126. Note, The Right to Counsel in Civil Litigation, 66 Colum. L. Rev. 1322 (1966) available with free jstor account at http://www.jstor.org/pss/1120986.

  127. Online Guide to Mediation, Are Mediators in the Legal System Hindering a Civil Right to Counsel? (June 14, 2007).

  128. Pamela Ortiz, Courts and Communities: How Access to Justice Promotes a Healthy Community, 72 Md. L. Rev. 1096 (2013).

  129. Pamela Ortiz, The Grasshopper and the Ant: Maryland's Effort to Imagine a Civil Right to Counsel, 26 MIE Journal 45 (2012).

  130. Pamela Cardullo Ortiz, How a Civil Right to Counsel Can Help Dismantle Concentrated Poverty in America's Inner Cities, 24 Stanford L. & Pol'y. Rev. 163 (2014), available at https://journals.law.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/stanford-law-policy-review/print/2014/01/ortiz_25_stan._l._poly_rev._163_final.pdf.

  131. Michael Page, Attorney Makes the Case for a 'Civil Gideon' Policy, California Courts Monitor (Aug/Sept 2014), available at https://www.dropbox.com/s/1lyf2qfz7x8k0dk/CCM%20Report%20Fall%202014.pdf#page=5.

  132. Marcia Palof, How to Start Advocating a Right to Counsel in Civil Cases in Your State: A Look at Ohio, 40 Clearinghouse Rev. J. of Poverty L. and Pol'y 231 (2006).

  133. Jeffrey R. Pankratz, Neutral Principles and the Right to Neutral Access to the Courts, Indiana Law Journal: Vol. 67: Iss. 4, Article 8 (1992), available at https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1459&context=ilj.  

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