Reports / Studies
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All of the state-specific legal aid cost/benefit studies and reports can be found on the ABA SCLAID page devoted to such reports.
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Also, a collection of summaries of various studies can be found at the website of the Justice in Government Project Toolkit.
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ABA Coalition for Justice, Report on the Survey of Judges on the Impact of the Economic Downturn on Representation in the Courts (July 12, 2010), available at https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publishing/abanews/1279030087coalition_for_justice_report_on_survey.authcheckdam.pdf.
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ABA Commission on the Future of Legal Services, Report (2016), available at http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/images/abanews/2016FLSReport_FNL_WEB.pdf.
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Laura Abel and Susan Vignola, Economic and Other Benefits Associated with the Provision of Civil Legal Aid, 9 Seattle J. for Soc. Just. 139 (Fall/Winter 2010) available at http://www.law.seattleu.edu/Documents/sjsj/2010fall/Abel.pdf.
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Laura Abel, Evidence-Based Access to Justice, 13 U. Pa. J. Law & Soc. Change 295 (2010) available at https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1099&context=jlasc.
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Laura Abel, Pressing Questions Encountered by the Access to Justice and Civil Right to Counsel Movements (July 7, 2006) (on file with the National Coalition for a Civil Right to Counsel).
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Laura K. Abel, Toward a Right to Counsel in Civil Cases in NY State: A Report of the NY State Bar Ass'n., 25 Touro L. Rev. 31 (2010), available at https://www.tourolaw.edu/LawReview/uploads/pdfs/_5_WWW_State%20Bar%20Report%2011-4-08_SM_Final_12.23.08_.pdf.
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American Academy for Arts and Sciences, Civil Justice for All: A Report and Recommendations from the Making Justice Accessible Initiative (2020), available at https://www.amacad.org/publication/civil-justice-for-all.
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Naomi Biden, Marla Spindel and Erin Torres, The Civil Gideon: The Case for a Civil RIght to Counsel, D.C. Volunteer Lawyers Project (Jan. 2017), available at http://www.dcvlp.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Civil-Gideon-Jan-2016.pdf.
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Richard Block and Jack Stieber, The Impact of Attorneys and Arbitrators on Arbitration Awards, 40 Industrial and Labor Relations Review 543 (1987), available with free jstor account at http://www.jstor.org/pss/2524057.
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Boston Bar Association Task Force on Expanding the Civil Right to Counsel, Gideon's New Trumpet: Expanding the Civil Right to Counsel in Massachusetts (Sept. 2008), available at http://www.bostonbar.org/prs/reports/GideonsNewTrumpet.pdf.
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Center for Community Solutions, Securing Stability: Legal Aid's Lasting Impact (June 2018), available at https://www.legalaidimpact.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Securing-Stability-FINAL-061019.pdf.
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Civil Legal Justice Coalition to the PA State Senate Judiciary Committee, Toward Equal Justice for All (April 2014), available at http://www.philadelphiabar.org/WebObjects/PBA.woa/Contents/WebServerResources/CMSResources/ReportoftheCivilLegalJusticeCoalition.pdf.
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Consortium on Legal Services and the Public, American Bar Association, Legal Needs and Civil Justice: A Survey of Americans (1994), available at https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/administrative/legal_aid_indigent_defendants/downloads/legalneedstudy.authcheckdam.pdf.
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Robert Echols, State Legal Needs Studies Point to "Justice Gap": Recent Studies Validate Findings of 1993 ABA Study Regarding Lack of Access by Low-Income People, Dialogue at 32 (Summer 2005), available at https://legalaidresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/nlada-state-legal-needs-justice-gap-2005.pdf.
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Russell Engler, Connecting Self-Representation to Civil Gideon: What Existing Data Reveal about When Counsel is Most Needed, 37 Fordham Urb. L.J. 37 (2010), available at http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2321&context=ulj.
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Kia Franklin, Election '08: A Pro-Civil Justice Presidential Platform, Drum Major Institute for Public Policy, executive summary available at http://www.tortdeform.com/archives/2007/11/opening_page.html.
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James Greiner and Cassandra Wolos Pattanayak, Randomized Evaluation in Legal Assistance: What Difference Does Representation (Offer and Actual Use) Make?, 121 Yale L. J. 2118 (2012), available at http://www.yalelawjournal.org/article/randomized-evaluation-in-legal-assistance-what-difference-does-representation-offer-and-actual-use-make.
- Concurring Opinions, Symposium (various authors analyzing James Greiner paper) (2011), available at http://www.concurringopinions.com/archives/category/representation-symposium.
- Jeffrey Selbin, Jeanne Charn, Anthony Alfieri & Stephen Wizner, Service Delivery, Resource Allocation and Access to Justice: Greiner and Pattanayak and the Research Imperative, Harvard Law School Public Law & Legal Theory Working Paper Series Paper No. 12-17 (2012), available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2003960.
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John Gross & Jerry Cox, The Cost of Representation Compared to the Cost of Incarceration, 37-Mar Champion 22 (Mar. 2013).
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Gillian K. Hadfield, Higher Demand, Lower Supply?: A Comparative Assessment of the Legal Resource Landscape for Ordinary Americans, University of Southern California Law School Law and Economics Working Paper Series (2009), available at http://works.bepress.com/ghadfield/31.
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Alan Houseman, Civil Legal Aid in the United States: An Overview of the Program and Developments in 2005, Center for Law and Social Policy (March 2005), available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265422487_CIVIL_LEGAL_AID_IN_THE_UNITED_STATES_AN_OVERVIEW_OF_THE_PROGRAM_AND_DEVELOPMENTS_IN_2005_BY.
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Alan W. Houseman, Civil Legal Aid in the United States: An Update for 2013, Center for Law and Social Policy (Nov. 2013), available at http://www.clasp.org/resources-and-publications/publication-1/CIVIL-LEGAL-AID-IN-THE-UNITED-STATES-3.pdf.
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Alan W. Houseman, Civil Legal Aid in the United States: An Update for 2015 (Dec. 2015), available at https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/761858/Houseman_Civil_Legal_Aid_US_2015.pdf.
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Alan Houseman, Civil Legal Aid in the United States: An Update for 2017 (Apr. 2017 ), available at http://legalaidresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/CIVIL-LEGAL-AID-IN-THE-UNITED-STATES-2017-5.pdf.
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Alan W. Houseman, Civil Legal Aid in the United States: An Update for 2019, Center for Law and Social Policy (Nov. 2013), available at https://cnejl.org/wp-content/uploads/us-civil-legal-aid-biennial-update-2019.pdf.
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Alan W. Houseman & Linda E. Perle, Securing Equal Justice for All: A Brief History of Civil Legal Assistance in the United States, Center for Law and Social Policy (Nov. 2003), available at http://www.clasp.org/admin/site/publications/files/Securing-Equal-Justice-for-All-2013-Revision.pdf.
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Herbert Kritzer, Examining the Real Demand for Legal Services, William Mitchell Legal Studies Research Paper No. 102, (Oct. 2008) available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1289828.
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Herbert Kritzer, Legal Advocacy: Lawyers and Nonlawyers at Work (University of Michigan Press) (1998).
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Legal Services Corporation, Documenting the Justice Gap In America: The Current Unmet Civil Legal Needs of Low-Income Americans (Sept. 2009), available at http://www.lsc.gov/sites/default/files/LSC/pdfs/documenting_the_justice_gap_in_america_2009.pdf.
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Legal Services Corporation, The Justice Gap: Measuring the Unmet Civil Legal Needs of Low-Income Americans (June 2017), available at http://www.lsc.gov/media-center/publications/2017-justice-gap-report.
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Legal Services Corporation, Documenting the Justice Gap In America: The Unmet Civil Legal Needs of Low-Income Americans (April 2022), available at https://lsc-live.box.com/s/xl2v2uraiotbbzrhuwtjlgi0emp3myz1.
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Kathryn Grant Madigan, Advocating for a Civil Right to Counsel in New York State, 25 Touro L. Rev. 9 (2009), available at http://www.tourolaw.edu/LawReview/uploads/pdfs/_3_WWW_Madigan_CivRgtCounsel_SM_Final_12.23.08_.pdf.
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Maryland Access to Justice Commission, Implementing a Civil Right to Counsel in Maryland (2011), available at http://mdcourts.gov/mdatjc/pdfs/implementingacivilrighttocounselinmd2011.pdf.
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Maryland Task Force to Study Implementing a Right to Counsel in Maryland, Report (Oct. 1, 2014), available at http://www.mdcourts.gov/mdatjc/taskforcecivilcounsel/pdfs/finalreport201410.pdf.
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Minnesota State Bar Association, Civil Gideon Task Force, Access to Justice: Assessing Implementation of Civil Gideon in Minnesota (Dec. 2, 2011), available at http://www.mnbar.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/access-to-justice-assessing-implementation-of-civil-gideon-in-minnesota.pdf?sfvrsn=0.
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National Center for Access to Justice, Taking Stock of the Civil Legal Aid Movement in 2015: the Year the Pieces Came Together to Increase Access to Justice in the United States (Dec. 31, 2015), available at http://ncforaj.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Taking-Stock-of-CLA-Movement-in-the-US-12-31-15.pdf.
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National Center for State Courts, Virginia Self-Represented Litigant Study: Outcomes of Civil Cases in General District Court, Juvenile & Domestic Relations Court, and Circuit Court (Dec. 2017), available at http://brls.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Outcome-Report.pdf.
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Philadelphia Bar Association, Chancellor's Task Force on Civil Gideon, Reports, available at http://www.philadelphiabar.org/page/CivilGideonReports?appNum=1.
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Rebecca Sandefur, Elements of Professional Expertise: Understanding Relational and Substantive Expertise through Lawyers' Impact, American Sociological Review, vol. 80, 5: pp. 909-933 (Oct. 2015), available for purchase at http://asr.sagepub.com/content/80/5/909.abstract.
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Rebecca Sandefur, The Impact of Counsel: An Analysis of Empirical Evidence, Seattle J. for Soc. Just. (Fall/Winter 2010), available at http://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/sjsj/vol9/iss1/3/.
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Ken Smith and Kelly Thayer, Economic Impacts of Legal Aid: Civil Justice for Low-Income People Creates Ripple Effects That Benefit Every Segment of the Communities We Serve, MIE Journal (Fall 2011), available at http://www.greatprograms.org/mie_article/mie_article.htm.
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Richard Startz and Albert Yoon, Litigant Resources and the Evolution of Legal Precedent, Draft Version (September 8, 2009), available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1475350.
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Emily S. Taylor Poppe and Jeffrey Rachlinski, Do Lawyers Matter? The Effect of Legal Representation on Civil Disputes, 43 Pepp. L. Rev. 881 (2016), available at http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/plr/vol43/iss4/1/.
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Stephen Weller & David A. Price, Representing Indigent Parties in Civil Cases: An Analysis of State Practice (Nov 30, 1994), available at http://www.centerforpublicpolicy.org/file.php/52182/Indigent+Representation+in+Civil+Cases.pdf.
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Roselle L. Wissler, Representation in Mediation: What We Know from Empirical Research, 37 Fordham Urb. L. J. 419 (2010) available at http://www.karlbayer.com/blog/?p=12115.